This is a modern version of the ancient horse racing competition "corsa del palio", which was first documented during the beginning of the 13th century and has taken place every year on 25th of July since then to celebrate the feast of St. James, the patron saint of Pistoia.
The race was of such importance to the citizens of Pistoia that it was never cancelled except in extraordinary situation. Even though the route and the regulations have changed considerably over the years, it took place annually until the beginning of the First World War, starting up again in 1947 and held in the suggestive setting of the Piazza del Duomo. Three hundred people, all in medieval costume, participate in the opening parade, which winds through the streets of the old city centre ending in the Piazza del Duomo.
The competition is between 12 horsemen, two by two, lances lowered, galloped along their respective lanes set out along the perimeter of the square until they reach their targets, two simulated bears.
The Giostra dell'Orso is one of the most important events in Pistoia’s summer season.